Интонация в американском английском

Introduction.........................................................................................................2
Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of intonation of the American version of the English language...............................................................................................................4
1.1. Intonation: its functions and components. Approaches to the definition of rhythm. Melodic a as the main component of intonation...........................................................4
1.2. The basics of intonation of the American version of the English language........................................................................................................................9
1.3. Intonation differences between American and British versions of English..........................................................................................................................13
1.4. Summary of results...................................................................................................15
Chapter 2. Practical foundations of intonation of the American version of the English language...........................................................................................................................17
2.1. Examples of the basic intonation of American English in cartoons.…...........................................................................................................................17
2.2. Example comparison of American and British.............................................................20
2.3 Summary and discussion...............................................................................................23
Conclusion ………………..............................................................................................25
References........................................................................................................................27

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While the British version of English was preferred in the USSR, in modern Russia more and more attention is being paid to its American version. At the moment, the United States has very close economic ties with the whole world.
This fact can be justified by the fact that in the era of globalization, the exchange of political, economic and cultural experience between the countries of the world as a whole is increasing. English is one of the official languages of the largest international organizations, which include the OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe), the WTO (World Trade Organization), the Council of Europe, UNESCO, etc. The headquarters of many political organizations (including the United Nations, the IMF), the largest IT corporations (Google, Apple, Microsoft, etc.) are located in the United States.
There are more and more opportunities to complete an internship or study in the United States. It is worth noting that the growing interest in gaining experience in America is largely due to the fact that this country is currently more open to cultural and academic types of exchange. The fact is that the United States, unlike the United Kingdom, offers many types of financial support for successful graduate students, students, and specialists in all fields of work.

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Chapter 1. Theoretical foundations of intonation of the American version of the English language
1.1. Intonation: its functions and components. Approaches to the definition of rhythm. Melodic a as the main component of intonation.

In speech, one can observe a set of so-called super-segmental, or prosodic means, which are a characteristic of the reproduced sequence of sounds. These include: a change in the tone of the voice, usually it is the level and / or range of reproduction, the strength of the voice, its longitude, the frequency of the tone, and so on. These tools are implemented at all levels of speech segments, that is, both on a single word and within the whole text.
There are different points of view regarding the definition of intonation. In particular, L. Armstrong and I. Ward compare intonation with melody, without including other phenomena in its composition. This interpretation of the concepts of intonation is typical for adherents of the Western phonetic school and represents a narrow approach to the interpretation of this reality. Linguists who adhere to a broader understanding of intonation, among whom it is necessary to mention N. Svetozarova and J. According to Verenin, melodica is considered as the most decorative phenomenon within the framework of intonation. Thus, intonation, according to their theory, is a complexly organized unity. E. Buraya considers it advisable at the present stage to consider intonation in a more comprehensive understanding and gives the most complete definition of intonation. So, she interprets intonation as "a complex unity of interrelated components – melody, tempo, volume, pause, timbre of utterance, realized in speech during the segment from syntagma up to the text and able to analyze the meaning of the utterance or part of it." [2,3,4]

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1. Antipova, E. Ya. Handbook of English intonation (in English): a textbook for students of pedagogical institutes and faculties in. languages/ E. Ya. Antipova, S. L. Kanevskaya, G. A. Pigulevskaya. – 2nd edition, revised. – M.: "Enlightenment", 1985. – 224 p.
2. Buraya, E. A. Phonetics of the modern English language. Theoretical course: textbook for students of linguistic universities and faculties of foreign languages/ E. Ya. Buraya, I. E. Galochkina, T. I. Shevchenko. – 3rd edition, stereotypical. – M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2009. – 272 p.
3. Vereninova, J. B. Phonetic base of the English language (in comparison with the phonetic base of the Russian language): for faculties of foreign languages and faculties of advanced training/ J. B. Vereninova. – M.: MGLU, 2005. – 171 p.
4. Svetozarova, N. D. Intonation system of the Russian language/ N.D. Svetozarova.
– Leningrad, 1983. – 235 p.
5. Halliday, M. A. K. Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English/ Journal of Linguistics, part 2// 1967. - N3. – pp. 199 – 244.
6. Horne, M. Towards a Discourse-based Model of English Sentence Intonation// Working papers. – N32. – Lund University: Department of Linguistics, 1987. – pp. 52 – 57.
7. Horne, M. Accentual Patterning in ‘New’ vs. ‘Given’ Subjects in English// Working papers. – N36. – Lund University: Department of Linguistics, 1991. – pp. 36 – 39.
8. Jones, D. An Outline of English Phonetics// D. Jones, 8 the edition. – Cambridge, 1956. – pp. 361 – 365.
9. Ladd, R. The Function of the Rise-Accent in English/ R. Ladd. – Indiana University Linguistics Club, 1977. – 158 p.
10. Pike, K. L. The Intonation of American English/ Arbor, A. – Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1945. – 200 p.

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