НОРМАТИВНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПЕРЕВОДА. УСЛОВНЫЕ КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ПЕРЕВОДА (НОРМАТИВНЫЕ ТРЕБОВАНИЯ В ОЦЕНКЕ КАЧЕСТВА ПЕРЕВОДА)

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT.....................................................9
1.1 Characteristics and classification of normative aspects of translation.............9
1.2 Review of approaches to the criteria of translation quality assessment..........21
1.3. Translation error as a basis for measuring deviations.....................................29
CHAPTER 2. EVALUATION OF TRANSLATION QUALITY: A LINGUISTIC EXPERIMENT.............................................................................35
2.1 A dictionary of parameters...............................................................................35
2.2 Equivalence parameters....................................................................................39
2.3 Adequacy parameters.......................................................................................47
CONCLUSION .....................................................................................................58
REFERENCES .....................................................................................................60

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One of the main properties of a human being is the ability to transmit information by means of his own speech. Its absence would make human existence unimaginable, because an integral part of his life is the constant development through the acquisition of various knowledge about the world around him and his peers, all this knowledge in one way or another serves as a product of speech communication, written or oral. It is important to remember that we live in a society, from which a nation, a state, and a civilisation are formed - each of these links does not appear to be educated by just one person, because it is formed of a collective, the condition for the formation of which is the ability of the participants to communicate with each other, to organise production and everyday life. Therefore, any speech act is impossible without the presence of a speaker and a listener, which in the theory of translation are called source and recipient, and consequently it is impossible without translation, if this speech act is to be carried out between people of different nations and states. Translation is a very ancient type of human activity, which consists in the variant re-expression, recoding of a text generated in one language into a text in another language, carried out by a translator who creatively chooses a variant depending on the variant resources of the language, type of translation, translation tasks and under the influence of his own personality. Its origins date back to the time when the primordial language began to break up into separate languages and there was a need for people who knew several languages and could mediate communication between different linguistic communities. Over time, the need for translation emerged as a means of communication between the emerging different cultures and people. Without translation, it is difficult to imagine such historical processes as the creation of vast empires populated by numerous multilingual peoples; the possibility of getting acquainted with foreign cultures and the works of the world's great writers. Nowadays, with the advent of the highest intensification of international communication, tourism, expansion of trade, cultural, scientific and technical relations, when the number of states and peoples has reached its maximum and the range of spheres of its application has become limitless, translation and its versatility have become an urgent issue. As the profession of a translator is becoming more and more in demand, special educational institutions have been established in many countries to provide professional level of their training.

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Chapter 1: Theoretical Foundations of the Problem of Translation Quality Assessment

1.1 Characteristics and classification of normative aspects of translation

The issue of translation quality assessment, as mentioned above, has been and remains one of the main issues in the translator's practical activity - in order to consciously and correctly fulfil his/her functions, he/she must clearly understand the purpose of his/her activity and the ways to achieve this purpose. This is difficult to imagine without his knowledge of the fundamentals of translation theories, both general, special and private, as applied to the field and combination of languages with which he deals. It presupposes knowledge of translation techniques and methods, the ability to select the necessary correspondence and apply the most effective translation technique according to the conditions of a particular context. To ensure high quality of translation, a translator must be able to compare the translated text with the original, evaluate and classify possible errors, and make necessary corrections. A large number of people who analyse the results of translation work: editors, critics, customers, translation teachers and others are engaged in assessing the quality of translation, identifying and classifying errors.

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