Порядок слов в английском и итальянском языке

INTRODUCTION 4
1.THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE WORD ORDER IN THE ENGLISH AND ITALIAN LANGUAGES 6
1.1 Functions of Word Order in English 6
1.2 Basic English Sentence Patterns 8
1.3 Basic Italian Sentence Structure. Fluid Sentence Structure 9
1.4 Word Order and Inversion in Italian 11
1.5 Free Word Order 12
1.6 Building a Sentence in the English and Italian Languages 14
1.7 .Lexical and Functional Categories 16
2. PRACTICAL ANALYSIS OF WORD ORDER IN ENGLISH AND ITALIAN ON THE BASIS OF POLITICAL NEWSPAPERS 20
2.1 Analysis Of English Newspapers Headlines 20
2.2 Analysis of Italian Newspaper Headlines 28
CONCLUSION 33
REFERENCES 35
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In the field of linguistics, word order typology refers to the study of how languages organize the order of their syntax constituents, and how different languages can have different word orders. This also includes examining correlations between word orders found in different subdomains of syntax.

Certain languages have relatively strict word orders, relying on the specific order of constituents to convey important grammatical information. In contrast, other languages, particularly those that use inflection to convey grammatical information, allow for more flexibility in word order. This flexibility can be utilized to encode pragmatic information, such as topicalization or focus. However, most languages do have a preferred word order that is used most frequently.

Italian, as a member of the Romance language family, shares many features with other Romance languages like French and Spanish. Native Italian speakers learning English, which is a stress-timed language, encounter similar difficulties as other native speakers of Romance languages, which are syllable-timed.

This paper focuses on analyzing the word order in English and Italian sentences. In English, the meaning of a clause is heavily dependent on the order of words, typically following the Subject Verb Object (SVO) structure. Italian, being a more inflected language, allows for greater variation in word order.

The significance of this paper lies in the need for further research on the difficulties in word order faced by Italian learners English. These differences in word order between the two languages can lead to non-standard syntax when Italian learners speak or write in English.

The object of the research is the comparison of English and Italian sentence structures. The subject of the research is the analysis of word order in both English and Italian languages. The aim of this paper is to conduct an analysis of word order patterns in English and Italian.

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1. THE MAIN ?FEATURES OF THE ?WORD ?ORDER ?IN THE ENGLISH AND ?ITALIAN ?LANGUAGES

1.1 Functions of Word Order in English

The communicative structure of a sentence refers to how the speaker organizes the information and determines the relative importance of different parts of the sentence. In general, a sentence consists of a topic, which is the subject of discussion, and new information, which adds to the communication process. Some sentences only have new information and are called monorhematic sentences. Most sentences have either a topic or new information, and there are also transitional elements. Sentences that have both a topic and new information are called dirhematic sentences.

Thematic elements are indicated by definite articles, loose parenthesis, and detached parts of the sentence. Rhematic elements, on the other hand, are indicated by indefinite articles, particles, negations, constructions. In many sentences, the new information is placed at the end of the, changes the sentence's syntactic structure.

There are various means maintain the progressive information structure of a sentence, such as passive transformations, the use of conversives, and the use of the personal subject and nominal predicate. To make the subject the focus of the sentence, constructions like "there is/there are" and "it necessary can be used, as well as inversion.

Thematic elements have less impact on the meaning of the sentence as they reflect information that has already been communicated. On the other hand, rhematic elements, which contain new information and drive the communication process forward, have a higher degree of communicative dynamism.

English sentences have a fixed word order that is meaningful for each type of sentence. In modern English, declarative sentences usually have the subject before the predicate, which is called the direct word order. The most common pattern for arranging the main parts in a declarative sentence is Subject - Predicate - (Object), which is known as the direct word order.

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